|
Financial literacy is the ability to understand how money works in the world: how someone manages to earn or make it, how that person manages it, how he/she invests it (turn it into more) and how that person donates it to help others.〔 *〕 More specifically, it refers to the set of skills and knowledge that allows an individual to make informed and effective decisions with all of their financial resources.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Get Smarter About Money Home – GetSmarterAboutMoney.ca )〕 Raising interest in personal finance is now a focus of state-run programs in countries including Australia, Canada, Japan, the United States and the UK.〔( ”Taking Ownership of the Future: The National Strategy for Financial Literacy”, US Financial Literacy and Education Commission, 2006 )〕 The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) started an inter-governmental project in 2003 with the objective of providing ways to improve financial education and literacy standards through the development of common financial literacy principles. In March 2008, the OECD launched the International Gateway for Financial Education,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=International Gateway for Financial Education > Home )〕 which aims to serve as a clearinghouse for financial education programs, information and research worldwide. In the UK, the alternative term “financial capability” is used by the state and its agencies: the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in the UK started a national strategy on financial capability in 2003. The US Government also established its Financial Literacy and Education Commission in 2003.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Financial Literacy – The CQ Researcher Blog )〕 == International findings == An international OECD study was published in late 2005 analysing financial literacy surveys in OECD countries. A selection of findings〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=New Statesman )〕 included: * In Australia, 67 per cent of respondents indicated that they understood the concept of compound interest, yet when they were asked to solve a problem using the concept only 28 per cent had a good level of understanding. * A British survey found that consumers do not actively seek out financial information. The information they do receive is acquired by chance, for example, by picking up a pamphlet at a bank or having a chance talk with a bank employee. * A Canadian survey found that respondents considered choosing the right investments to be more stressful than going to the dentist. * A survey of Korean high-school students showed that they had failing scores – that is, they answered fewer than 60 percent of the questions correctly – on tests designed to measure their ability to choose and manage a credit card, their knowledge about saving and investing for retirement, and their awareness of risk and the importance of insuring against it. * A survey in the US found that four out of ten American workers are not saving for retirement. “Yet it is encouraging that the few financial education programmes which have been evaluated have been found to be reasonably effective. Research in the US shows that workers increase their participation in 401(k) plans (a type of retirement plan, with special tax advantages, which allows employees to save and invest for their own retirement) when employers offer financial education programmes, whether in the form of brochures or seminars.”〔 However, academic analyses of financial education have found no evidence of measurable success at improving participants' financial well-being.〔(Shawn Cole & Gauri Kartini Shastry, If You Are So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich? The Effects of Education, Financial Literacy and Cognitive Ability on Financial Market Participation (November 2008) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Evidence and Ideology in Assessing the Effectiveness of Financial Literacy Education )〕 Additionally, a growing number of financial literacy researchers are raising questions about the political character of financial literacy education, arguing that it justifies the shifting of greater financial risk (e.g. tuition fees, pensions, health care costs, etc.) to individuals from corporations and governments. Many of these researchers argue for a financial literacy education that is more critically oriented and broader in focus; an education that supports individuals better understand systemic injustice and exclusion rather than one which understands financial failure as an individual problem and the character of financial risk as apolitical. Many of these researchers work within social justice, critical pedagogy, feminist and critical race theory paradigms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「financial literacy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|